In Ayurvedic medicine, bacopa (Bacopa monnieri, Plantaginaceae) is called brahmi and used as a brain tonic to enhance cognitive function and prevent memory loss. Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and, in clinical studies, has been found to improve aspects of cognitive function and memory in both healthy participants and patients with cognitive impairments. The purpose of this literature review was to summarize the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of BME for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Various formulations of BME were used in the studies reviewed by the authors.

Mechanisms of Action

In animal and cell studies, BME has been shown to decrease oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging free radicals, inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs), and upregulating antioxidant enzymes, among numerous other mechanisms. BME also has been found to ameliorate mitochondrial and plasma membrane damage, protect against cytotoxicity…