Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors, including abdominal obesity, a disorder of lipid metabolism, glucose intolerance, and hypertension that lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An unbalanced diet, stress, reduced physical activity, and genetic factors may lead to abdominal obesity and are the main causes of MetS. Adipose tissue releases adipocytokines, which may increase insulin resistance and blood pressure, cause oxidative stress, and disturb lipid metabolism. “Population studies have shown that the Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and grains is inversely associated with the incidence of MetS.” Fruits and vegetables are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa, Rosaceae) is rich in polyphenols. Another study showed that black chokeberry juice had high antioxidant potential.

Cholinesterase is part of a group of enzymes that hydrolyze acetylcholine and other choline esters, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). AChE has…